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Lebanon: Agricultural damage and loss assessment on the impact of conflict

DIEM-Impact report, October 2023–November 2024











FAO. 2025. Lebanon: Agricultural damage and loss assessment on the impact of conflict – DIEM-Impact report, October 2023November 2024. Rome. 




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    Greenhouse damage assessment during the conflict across Lebanon in 2024 2025
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    A geospatial damage assessment was conducted to evaluate the impact of the 2023–2024 conflict on greenhouses in Lebanon. The assessment utilized very high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery from WorldView-2 (50 cm) and WorldView-3 (30 cm), comparing images from before October 2023 and 2024. This assessment covered four of the most conflict-affected governorates. Using VHR imagery, visual interpretations were conducted in those governorates to assess the damage of the greenhouses. While the map depicts the distribution of damaged greenhouse areas using a hexagonal grid for the two visual interpretations, the graph illustrates the proportion of damaged greenhouses relative to the total intact greenhouse area by governorate. Overall, a 3.4 percent difference of damaged greenhouses was observed between visually interpreted points and delineated greenhouses. Two independent assessments were conducted with less than 3 percent difference.
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    Lebanon: Rapid needs assessment on the impact of conflict on agriculture
    Key messages, November 2024
    2024
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    Widespread displacement is putting agricultural production at risk in Lebanon, with many households unable to access their land and farms safely. The surge in conflict has forced the displacement of households from some of Lebanon’s most agriculturally important regions, leading to a potential decline in food production and an increase in food insecurity. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in partnership with the Lebanese Ministry of Agriculture, conducted a rapid needs assessment in light of the escalation of conflict in Lebanon in September 2024. The assessment aimed to determine the proportion of agricultural households that have been displaced and the initial impact of the crisis on livelihoods to inform decision-making and humanitarian response. A total of 4 335 agricultural households were interviewed by phone across 12 priority districts of Lebanon (Baalbek, Bent Jbeil, El Hermel, El Nabatieh, Hasbaya, Jezzine, Marjaayoun, Rachaya, Saida, Sour, West Bekaa and Zahle). The 10-day survey took place from 23 October to 1 November 2024.
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    Greenhouse baseline assessment during the conflict across Lebanon in 2024 2025
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    A geospatial damage assessment was conducted to evaluate the impact of the 2023-2024 conflict on greenhouses. To establish a greenhouse baseline for 2024, Sentinel-2 satellite imagery with a resolution of 10 meters was utilized. Approximately 3,000 training data points were collected using Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite imagery from WorldView-2 (50 cm) and WorldView-3 (30 cm), along with Google Earth data and existing greenhouse area delineations for four governorates. Separability metrics were calculated for various indices, such as the Plastic Greenhouse Index (PGHI), Advanced Plastic Greenhouse Index (APGI), and Plastic-Mulched Land Cover Index (PMLI), using seasonal composites. The remote sensing analysis achieved an overall accuracy of 94 percent. Additionally, visual interpretation with VHR imagery was conducted in the four governorates. The resulting map illustrates the distribution of greenhouse areas using a hexagonal grid format, while the accompanying graph depicts the proportion of greenhouse areas by governorate.

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